In January - August 2019p, the balance-of-payments current account posted a deficit of EUR 7,080 million, compared with EUR 6,104 million in the same year-ago period. The deficit on trade in goods widened by EUR 2,081 million, the surplus on services income increased by EUR 357 million, the deficit of the primary income balance narrowed by EUR 963 million, and the surplus of the secondary income balance decreased by EUR 215 million.
Balance of payments current account (EUR million)
| |
January - August 2018p |
January - August 2019p |
| CREDIT
| DEBIT
| BALANCE
| CREDIT
| DEBIT
| BALANCE |
| CURRENT ACCOUNT (A+B+C)
| 61,386
| 67,490
| -6,104
| 64,778
| 71,858
| -7,080 |
| A. Goods and services
| 55,888
| 59,215
| -3,327
| 58,636
| 63,687
| -5,051 |
| a. Goods
| 41,051
| 49,872
| -8,821
| 41,757
| 52,659
| -10,902 |
| b. Services
| 14,837
| 9,343
| 5,494
| 16,879
| 11,028
| 5,851 |
| - manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others
| 1,899
| 128
| 1,771
| 1,977
| 112
| 1,865 |
| - transport
| 4,496
| 1,910
| 2,586
| 5,153
| 2,287
| 2,866 |
| - tourism-travel
| 1,558
| 2,373
| -815
| 1,678
| 2,817
| -1,139 |
| - other
| 6,884
| 4,932
| 1,952
| 8,071
| 5,812
| 2,259 |
| B. Primary income
| 2,820
| 6,975
| -4,155
| 2,982
| 6,174
| -3,192 |
| C. Secondary income
| 2,678
| 1,300
| 1,378
| 3,160
| 1,997
| 1,163 |
p - provisional data
Non-residents' direct investment in Romaniae totalled EUR 3,581 million (compared with EUR 3,482 million in January - August 2018), of which equity (including estimated net reinvestment of earnings) amounted to EUR 2,582 million and intercompany lending recorded a net value of EUR 999 million.
In January - August 2019, total external debt increased by EUR 9,131 million, of which:
- long-term external debt at end-August 2019 stood at EUR 74,342 million (68.2 percent of total external debt), up 8.9 percent against end-2018;
- short-term external debt at end-August 2019 amounted to EUR 34,630 million (31.8 percent of total external debt), up 9,7 percent from end-2018.
Romania’s external debt and external debt service
| |
External debt |
External debt service, 8M 2019p |
| End-2018p |
End-August 2019p |
| I. Long-term external debt
| 68,286
| 74,342
| 10,165 |
| I.1. Public debt
| 34,850
| 41,117
| 2,662 |
| I.1.1. Direct public debt*
| 34,499
| 40,807
| 2,613 |
| I.1.2. Publicly guaranteed debt
| 351
| 310
| 49 |
I.2. Non-publicly guaranteed debt,
of which:
| 32,240
| 32,005
| 7,493 |
| 1.2.1. Long-term deposits of non-residents
| 1,433
| 676
| 817 |
I.3. Debt of the monetary authority,
of which:
| 1,196
| 1,220
| 10 |
| I.3.1. Allocation of SDRs
| 1,196
| 1,220
| 10 |
| II. Short-term external debt
| 31,555
| 34,630e
| 31,947e |
| Total external debt (I+II)
| 99,841
| 108,972
| 42,112 |
e - estimates
p - provisional data
*) The increase of direct public debt in the first eight months of 2019 came mainly from the Euro-bonds issued by the Ministry of Public Finance, with a face value of EUR 5,000 million, as well as from revaluations due to price changes of the securities issued by the general government, worth EUR 2,683 million, diminished by the repayments of loans taken from international bodies, amounting to EUR 1,519 million.
Long-term external debt service ratio ran at 17.3 percent in January - August 2019 against 22.6 percent in 2018. At end-August 2019, goods and services import cover stood at 5.1 months, as compared to 4.9 months at end-2018.
At end- August 2019, the ratio of the National Bank of Romania’s foreign exchange reserves to short-term external debt by remaining maturity came in at 76.4 percent, against 74.1 percent at end-2018.
Methodological Notes
- Data are updated on a monthly basis. Data for the current period together with the revised data for the base period are available under Data sets; historical monthly and quarterly data back to 2005 are available in the Interactive database.
- The international standard framework for statistics on the transactions and positions between an economy and the rest of the world lays down in the sixth edition of the IMF’s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6). The BPM6 methodology has been transposed into the EU legislation based on Commission Regulation (EU) No 555/2012 on Community statistics concerning balance of payments, international trade in services and foreign direct investment, as regards the update of data requirements and definitions.
- In order to analyse current account data, the following aspects should be considered:
- 3.1. Goods (on a BOP basis): Source: National Institute of Statistics (NIS) – International Trade of Goods. Imports FOB are calculated by the NBR based on the CIF/FOB conversion factor set by the NIS: http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/statistici/Importuri_CIF_FOB/coeficient_CIF_FOB.pdf. The balance of payments principle consists in entering goods based on the “change in economic ownership” criterion (goods acquired by residents are included, irrespective of whether the goods cross the country border or not), while in international trade statistics goods are recorded based on the “cross-border” criterion (goods are recorded when crossing the border, irrespective of whether they belong to residents or not). In order to ensure compliance with the “change in economic ownership” principle, the NIS data are adjusted by the NBR, so that the values of exports and imports of goods in the BOP statistics are different from those in international trade statistics. The main difference between the two types of statistics comes from manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others which, according to BPM6, has been reclassified from Goods to Services and the data source has been changed from International Trade in Goods to the Quarterly Survey on international trade in services conducted by the NBR;
- 3.2. Services: Source: Quarterly Survey on International Trade in Services;
- 3.3. Primary income: includes compensation of employees, investment income (direct investment, portfolio investment, other investment) and other primary income (taxes, subsidies);
- 3.4. Secondary income: includes current private transfers and transfers of the general government.
- Foreign direct investment: The permanent debt between affiliated financial intermediaries (banks, NBFIs) is not treated as direct investment, but recorded under financial account/other investment.
- External debt includes the following debt financial instruments: currency and deposits, loans, debt securities, trade credit and advances, liabilities from insurance, pension, and standardised guarantee schemes, SDR allocation and other liabilities (according to IMF External Debt Statistics Guide for Compilers and Users, 2014).
- External direct public debt includes external loans taken directly by the Ministry of Public Finance and local governments in compliance with the legislation on public debt, including the government bonds acquired by non-residents – calculated at market value. The value of holdings by non-residents is estimated as a difference between the total value of bonds issued by the General Government and the total value of holdings by residents reported by the main financial intermediaries on their behalf and on behalf of their clients, according to NBR Regulation No. 4/2014, as subsequently amended and supplemented.
- External publicly guaranteed debt includes external loans guaranteed by the Ministry of Public Finance and local governments in compliance with the legislation on public debt.
- Long-term external debt service ratio is calculated as a ratio of long-term external debt service to exports of goods and services.
- Import cover is calculated as a ratio of the international reserves (foreign exchange + gold) at the end of period to average monthly imports of goods and services for the period under review.
- Short-term external debt by remaining maturity refers to the short-term external debt outstanding at the end of period plus the payments related to long-term external debt due in the following 12 months.
The next monthly press release on the “Balance of payments and external debt” will be issued on 13 November 2019.